PMC

Block thresholds with bipolar separation distance, maximum value of the activating function with bipolar separation distance and mean nodal membrane potential along axon during block. The abscissa is consistent between plots to allow comparison of the trend seen with block thresholds and the two phenomena that contribute it. The first plot shows simulation results showing block threshold as a function of the bipolar separation distance for fibers with diameters of 5.7 μm, 7.3 μm, 10.0 μm, and 15.0 μm Monopolar thresholds for each fiber size are overlaid. Electrode–fiber distance was 1.0 mm for all simulations. The second plot shows the maximum value of the continuous activating function with bipolar separation distance; Electrode–fiber distance was 1.0 mm. The third plot shows the mean nodal membrane potential at quasi-steady-state, QSS, for each of the nodes along fibers of diameters 5.7 μm, 7.3 μm, 10.0 μm, and 15.0 μm at block threshold electrode current for a point source electrode. Electrode–fiber distance was 1.0 mm.

Muscle force recordings from bipolar high-frequency onset burst trials. (a) Typical onset response for an electrode with a bipolar separation distance of 4.0 mm at 100% block threshold. (b) Typical onset response for an electrode with a bipolar separation distance of 0.5 mm at 200% block threshold. (c) Extreme onset response for an electrode with a bipolar separation distance of 4.0 mm at 100% block threshold. (d) Extreme onset response for an electrode with a bipolar separation distance of 0.5 mm at 200% block threshold.

Two blocks of oddball paradigm. (A) Illustration of tone pairs. (B) Illustration of block 1 and block 2. Sample stave for two blocks is shown. Tones in block 1 are clockwise, which means pitch of the second tone of each tone pair is always rising. Tone pairs in block 1 with shorter distance (pitch interval = one semitone, e.g. C4 – #C4) are standard stimuli and those with a larger distance (pitch interval = four semitones, e.g. C4 – E4) are the deviant stimuli. Tones in block 2 are counterclockwise, which means pitch of the following tone of each tone pair is always falling. Tone pairs in block 2 with shorter distance (pitch interval = one semitone, e.g. #C4 – C4) are standard stimuli and those with a larger distance (pitch interval = four semitones, e.g. E4 – C4) are deviant stimuli.

Alignment for block sequences. (A)(B)(C) Transformation of the input sequences into block sequences, where w = 10 is the length of blocks and c = 5 is the distance between neighboring blocks. (D) Alignment of block sequences. While global alignment is applied to left ends of block sequences, local alignment is applied to right ends of block sequences.